Natural gas contains mainly methane, but also other substances, among them heavier hydrocarbons, including C 3 and C 4. Liquefied gas is produced from three main sources:Īs a byproduct from degasolining of natural gas,Īs a byproduct from stabilization of petroleum in crude oil mining site,Īs a byproduct from petroleum refining in a refinery. Only a small part of global LPG production, about 10%, is used to fuel internal combustion engines. Successful completion of research works and design works will result in elimination of scarce disadvantages of LPG as an engine fuel, preserving at the same time all its numerous advantages as an alternative fuel for the future - the new era source of energy. In the realization of these plans LPG producing companies, research and development teams as well as producers of automobile LPG systems are involved. A mathematical model is being elaborated, precisely describing correlations between density and chemical composition of LPG as well as changes of density as a function of fuel temperature. The influence of water on the process of LPG combustion in a gasoline fuelled engine as well ways to supply water to the combustion zone are being studied. A multifunctional additive was obtained giving LPG adequate lubricity and detergent properties.
Also, with the help of additives, the problem of water separating from LPG during storage and transport in tankers has been solved. In this area, anti-corrosion additives for LPG of very high effectiveness were obtained and tested. In this chapter the results of research works aimed at the improvementof exploitation properties, logistics and LPG combustion processes in spark ignitionengines are presented. Environmental advantages of LPG are primarily very low emission of almost all toxic components of engine exhaust gases compared to gasoline or diesel fuel. The source of aliphatic hydrocarbons falling into LPG range can also be the processes of biomass conversion and in the near future, fermentation processes. LPG is produced as a byproduct in numerous petroleum refining processes and its quality is relatively close to the engine fuel requirements. Relatively low investment costs and energy consumption are needed to produce high-quality fuel by degasolining of natural gas or crude oil stabilization. These advantages result mainly from the simplicity of its production. The exceptional advantages of LPG as an alternative engine fuel have been highly appreciated in Poland. Intensive research and development works in this field are carried out. There are numerous production companies in Poland working to meet the needs of this branch of industry, as well as a modern service base.
An extensive logistical infrastructure accompanies the development of the use of this type of fuel in Poland.
Almost 3 millions of cars with bifuel engines, mostly spark ignition ones, are driven on Polish roads. Annual consumption of so called autogas is about 1.7 million tonnes with increasing tendency. Poland is one of these countries, where LPG is a popular engine fuel. On a world scale, at present, about 270 million tonnes of this fuel is produced, of which motorization consumes 26 million tonnes (~10%). Liquefied hydrocarbon gases, containing mostly the mixture of C3-C4 hydrocarbons, in many countries serve as an important source of energy, also for internal combustion engines.
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